Indonesia and Australia have concluded their Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IA-CEPA) in August 2018.
Sometimes past events, although finished, are somehow important in the present, and we can communicate this importance using present perfect tense, often in conjunction with related time expressions.
Finished time with past importance
August 2018 is past and finished. If you want to focus on a past and finished event in English then you need to use past simple tense:
- Indonesia and Australia concluded their Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IA-CEPA) in August 2018.
Finished time with present importance
If, on the other hand, the exact time of the event is less important than the consequences or the effects of the event in the present, then use present perfect to focus on this ‘present importance’, either with a present perfect time expression..
- Indonesia and Australia have recently concluded their Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IA-CEPA).
..or without a present perfect time expression:
- Indonesia and Australia have concluded their Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IA-CEPA).
Notice that with present importance we are often less interested in exactly when something happened, or how many times it happened. We’re more interested in the influence if the event(s) NOW.
Practice
Answer Key
Challenge
The featured image for this post shows Barcelona’s La Sagrada Familia. If you can make a sentence about this place using present perfect tense and a matching time expression, enter it as a comment below!